Exotic whiteflies and Conservation Biological Control in Coconut System

Abstract Exotic pests upset biotic balance, threaten biodiversity and distort the livelihood security of nation. In coconut, five exotic whiteflies viz. , spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, rugose rugioperculatus Martin, Bondar’s nesting Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, non-native minei Iaccarino palm Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel were reported from India. Morphological molecular identification these invasive established by puparium (or) adult taxonomy cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( COI ) gene, respectively. Co-existence with other regulated population explosion warranted correct diagnosis in coconut system. Weather parameters precipitation, temperature humidity play an important role gradient outbreak whiteflies. The aphelinid parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani, dispersa Polaszek), predators Apertochrysa sp., Cybocephalus sp. coccinellids viz., Jauravia pallidula Motschulsky, Serangium parcesetosum Sicard, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia reduced incursion potential A sooty mould scavenger beetle, Leiochrinus nilgirianus Kaszab (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) that devours encrusted on leaflets during monsoon phase was for first time Kerala, Pesticide holiday approach, conservation biological control using parasitoids, as well situ habitat L. through crop-habitat diversification strategy subdued system 60%-80% gaining economic benefit to tune 17.59 billion rupees. Strict quarantine systematic surveillance are need hour combat biosecurity risks entering country.